As an alternative, antibiotics, such as minocycline, metronidazole, and tinidazole, have shown promising potential in treating periodontitis. Meanwhile, the surgical process would bring patients fear and discomfort. Since periodontitis is initially caused by bacterial infection, the traditional surgical treatments, including scaling and root planning, cannot effectively eliminate the periodontal pathogens. These results indicate the particular values of the abalone-inspired MPs for oral-related disease treatment.Īs the primary reason for tooth loss in adults, periodontitis has now been considered the leading prevalent oral disease worldwide, causing humans unbearable suffering.
Based on these features, it is demonstrated from in vivo periodontitis that the abalone-inspired MPs are firmly adhesive and can controlled-release drugs on the tooth, and thus have outstanding antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis. In addition, due to the loading of antibiotics minocycline hydrochloride and near-infrared (NIR)-responsive black phosphorus during their fabrication, the resultant MPs can not only eradicate bacteria directly, but also realize a controllable and effective drug release upon NIR irradiation.
Attributing to their unique concave structures, the abalone-inspired MPs exhibit desired underwater adhesion ability and stability under running water. Such MPs are generated by quickly ionic cross-linking of sodium alginate together with photo-curing of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate of the distorted microfluidic droplets during their high-speed dropping into calcium chloride solution. Here, inspired by the unique suction-cup structures of abalones, a novel adhesive and photo-responsive microparticle (MP) delivery system is developed to treat periodontitis through microfluidic electrospray technology. Antibiotics provide promising strategies for treating periodontitis, while their delivery and controllable release with desired oral retention remain challenging.
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